Definition and Usage of Brackets in Writing

Brackets  are marks of  punctuation—[ ]—used to interject text within other text. Types of brackets include: brackets (mostly used by Americans): [ ]square brackets (mostly used by the British): [ ]parentheses  (mostly used by Americans): ( )round brackets (mostly used by the British): ( )brace  or  curly brackets: { }angle brackets: You wont need them often, but once in a while, only brackets will do when it comes to quoting material. Brackets can be thought of as the younger siblings of parentheses. Parentheses are used to clarify meaning or to insert supplemental information in all types of writing, but (especially for students) brackets are used mainly for clarification within quoted material. Using Brackets in Quotes You may have seen the expression [sic] used in a quote and wondered what it was all about. You should use this notation if you are quoting a piece of text that contains a typo or grammatical mistake, simply to make it clear that the typo was in the original and it was not your own  mistake. For instance: I agree with her assertion that kids should read a book a weak [sic], but I think playtime is important, too. The [sic] indicates that you realize that weak is the wrong word use, but the mistake appeared in the other persons writing and was not your own. You may also use brackets to make an editorial statement or clarification within a quote. As in: My grandmother always said dream about a [friendly] dog and youll see an old friend soon.The reporter was unsuccessful in his attempt to get a statement from [former] Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld. Another reason to use brackets in quotes is to add a word, prefix, or suffix in order to fit the quote into your sentence. In the statement below, the ing is added so the sentence will flow. I tried to make dish mild enough for everyone, but my idea of add[ing] Cayenne pepper to taste was not the same as my friends idea. You can also use brackets to change the tense of a phrase in a quote so it will fit into your sentence: In Thomas Jeffersons time, there was definitely a notion that A little rebellion now and then [was] a good thing. Using Brackets Within Parentheses It is proper to use brackets to clarify or add to something that is already stated within parentheses. However, its probably a good idea to avoid this. Some very talented writers can get away with it, but teachers  will consider this cumbersome and awkward for the most part. See for yourself: Sally was a rambunctious child, and the family was extremely worried that she would wreak havoc during the festive day (Sally kept quiet during the wedding ceremony [only because she was sleeping], much to her sisters relief). But in the end, the day was a success and a joy to remember. Outside the examples above, if you are ever in doubt whether to use brackets or parentheses, you should choose parentheses.

Music of the Sixties Essay - 1105 Words

Music in the Sixties The music of the sixties went through tremendous change. It shaped mush of the music we hear today. From New Orleans came Jazz, from the East Coast came rock, from the West Coast came Psychedelic rock, and from England came the Invasion. In 1963 the Beatles shattered the dreariness of the music business. And with them came rock, the music of the sixties, and a music quite different from rock’n’roll. The jazz era had slowly faded away and in came the Beatles, possibly the most influential group of musicians ever to play. Producing a new sound soon dubbed the Liverpool sound; this sound would go on to revolutionize the entire sixties era. Along with the Beatles cam the shaggy hairstyles by men and the lower†¦show more content†¦This would end up in the band receiving FM radio play in which they would show up for interviews. The band’s popularity would spread by local underground press and word of mouth. This same formula was key in building the Jeff Beck Group, Jethro Tull, Joe Cocker, and Led Zeppelin. Music was beginning to take a step in a different direction. Another area that new music was beginning to develop was in the slums of San Francisco. The Haight-Ashbury district would spawn acts such as Janis Joplin, Jefferson Airplane, and the Grateful Dead. San Francisco had developed a consciousness about rock. Janis Joplin left in 1967 and traveled to Texas where she found her claim to fame. Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful Dead stayed in Sna Francisco playing in small theatres and venues. The most famous of these was the Filmore West. The combination of this improvisational rock bands and psychedelic drugs produced a subculture never seen before. The hippies had invaded the United States. Jimi Hendrix helped pave this new style of music. He challenged people with his extensions of the guitar into all sorts of realms that had been overlooked, ignored, or undiscovered. The improvisational rock was strongly supported by an underground force that helped the band in many ways. They gained the band popularity by spreading the word, they kept the venues packed byShow MoreRelated Music and the Sixties Essays909 Words   |  4 PagesMusic and the Sixties What the music of the late 1960s and early 1970 are attempting to achieve is a protest to the U.S. government. From the lyrics of Neil Youngs Ohio performed by Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young, the vocalists are memorializing the incident that occurred during a protest about U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War in Kent State University where nine students were injured and four students were killed by the Ohio National Guardsmen who opened fire on unarmed students: Read MoreEssay on Music in the Sixties1140 Words   |  5 PagesMusic in the Sixties My topic is Music in the Sixties. In my essay I would like to determine that events that occurred during the 1960’s had a significant effect on some of the music that was produced. I believe that certain music and musical events derived from peoples feelings and views on things that occurred during the 60’s. Some of these events include the Vietnam War, the Civil Rights Movement, politics, and society as a whole. There were many different stereotypes and prejudices. ThereRead MoreMusic, Culture And Ideology Of The Sixties Post War Generation1184 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the early basement concerts at the Cavern Club to the impromptu roof-top session atop Apple Studios, The Beatles were a phenomenon that influenced the music, culture and ideology of the Sixties’ post-war generation. With the spectre of their parents’ war behind them, British teens of the early 1960s ushered in a hitherto-unknown youth culture into a society ready for positive change. Pau l McCartney said in conversation with biographer Barry Miles. â€Å"This working-class explosion was all happeningRead MoreSixties Music and How it Reflected the Changing Times Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesSixties Music and How it Reflected the Changing Times The 1960’s in the United States was a decade marred by social unrest, civil rights injustice, and violence both home and abroad. These were some of the factors that lead to a cultural revolution. The revolution attempted to diverge the fabric of American society. Teenagers were living dangerously and breaking away from the ideals that their parents held. In the process they created their own society (Burns 1990). They were young andRead MoreThe Sixties Between The Microgrooves : Using Folk And Protest Music1766 Words   |  8 Pageswent from outspoken newspaper articles to large rallies, and during the Vietnam War, music was a prevalent tool in aiding the protests. Allowing political messages to be shared nationally, the music had touched the lives of the younger generation. Author Jerome L. Rodnitzky explains in his journal, â€Å"The Sixties between the Microgrooves: Using Folk and Protest Music to Understand American History, 1963-1973†, how music was â€Å" trying to be all things to all people†, which created a way for Americans toRead More Pop Culture in 1960s and 1990s Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In comparing the sixties and the nineties, my first thought was how much popular culture has changed since then and how different society is today. The strange thing is, the more I tried to differentiate between them, the more similarities I found. Both the sixties and the nineties were about youth, creativity, free-thinking, and expression. With the nineties coming to a close and the popularity of anything ?retro, I decided to compare the fashions, people, music, and issues that definedRead More Changes Since The Sixties Essay878 Words   |  4 Pagestime guzzling metal detectors at the airports... or the schools. There were no grouchy warning labels on the records and no ratings necessary on the movies. And TV shows were acceptable to the whole family. Those were the sixties or at least part of it. Some of the 52 million sixties’ boomers called it the decade of peace, harmony and love mainly for the movement for peace and the â€Å"flower power† attitude. Others, a little more pessimistic, called it the decade of dissatisfaction because of the protestsRead MoreChanges Since the Sixties916 Words   |  4 Pagestime guzzling metal detectors at the airports... or the schools. There were no grouchy warning labels on the records and no ratings necessary on the movies. And TV shows were acceptable to the whole family. Those were the sixties or at least part of it. Some of the 52 million sixties boomers called it the decade of peace, harmony and love mainly for the movement for peace and the flower power attitude. Others, a little more pessimistic, called it the decade of dissatisfaction because of the protestsRead MoreChicanos And The Liberal Agenda1075 Words   |  5 PagesChicanos and the Liberal Agenda In the early sixties, when times were of segregation, racism and discrimination, Chicanos often suffered the most. It was a dark time for Mexican-Americans, who were negatively referred as ‘Chicanos’. Chicanos did not always have the empowered meaning it has today. In the early sixties, ‘Chicano’ was often used to refer to Mexican-Americans’ as lower class, ignorant and as a derogatory racial identification. Furthermore, racism, exploitation, inequality, conformityRead MoreHow 1960s Has Impacted And Influenced Today s Society1396 Words   |  6 Pages The sixties was one of the most impactful decades pertaining to culture revolutions; it is the decade that brought into play some of the problems and privileges that the present is dealing with now. The sixties brought the gay movement, women’s rights, the drug revolution, and has also impacted music as well. One of the most well-known things about the sixties is its music. Bands in the sixties started to break the conservative boundaries by talking about drugs and sex in their music; the drugs

Remembering an Event Free Essays

Remembering an Event It was spring, and the weather was just right for softball season. Friday night, the big stadium lights were shining right down on us. We were actually here I thought to myself we really made it this far. We will write a custom essay sample on Remembering an Event or any similar topic only for you Order Now My softball team and I were playing for a chance to go to the state tournament, which was something unexpected coming from a team that was never ranked in pre-season or throughout district but until now. Throughout our season we lost two games against a team that was good, but also had a lot of cockiness. San Rayburn was that team, and it so happened to be the team that we had to play to go to the state tournament as well. From the moment we got off that bus at the McKinney Bulldogs field we didn’t know what to expect. Walking to the field’s one of the vehicles we passed had â€Å"Austin Here We Come†. That put some ice in my veins right away. Turning that corner to the view of the field was something I never will forget. San Rayburn was in the field dancing, playing, singing, joking, and thinking that they had already had us defeated because of what had happened in district. Yeah sure they were goofing off but they took it to an extreme what we had prepared ourselves for was nothing like that. Since they had never fully prepared themselves for us, and they thought they had us in the bag. We won our games against then 9-0, and 3-0. It was the first time in Blue Ridge High School history that girls’ softball team had ever advanced to the State tournament, it was incredible. We couldn’t believe that a team that had never been ranking made it this far; everyone had underestimated Blue Ridge softball but the team itself. I remember after the game as we got back on the bus after the victories over San Rayburn our coach proceeded to tell us he overheard one of the San Rayburn parents canceling their rooms in Austin and he implied â€Å"Book it back, where going to be needing them now†, which still plays as a mini clip in my head. We were going to Austin! We had less than a week to prepare, pack and be in Austin. Wednesday finally had an arrived, we gathered in our locker room to pray and head-out tears; started falling from faces this had actually came true. What wasn’t excepted next was our superintendent had gathered the whole entire school of Blue Ridge to watch as we left for Austin. It was incredible; all I saw was sign, after sign, after sign. The little kids from elementary sticking out there hands to give us high-fives like we were superstars, it was unbelievable. As our bus journey to Austin began it was quite entertaining you could say. Could you imagine a group of twelve girls and only two coaches which just happened to be males together for five and half hour on a bus, it was insane. Luckily, half way to Austin our coach stood up and announced that we would be stopping to have practice. We that thought yeah that’s cool, we figured we would since we were going to be having a game tomorrow. What our coach neglected to tell us that we were going to be having practice on the Baylor Bears field! This field was nothing like the field we played on back home. The infield and outfield both were a lot smoother, no hole’s or rock’s in our way. The Baylor Bears coach gave us a speech while we were there about encouragement and that the underdogs always find their way if they truly want it. We arrived at our hotel later that day which took us almost an hour or so to adjust and get settled in. The first thing we looked for in our rooms was the double door, which they did and on top of that it included a balcony. I really don’t remember if I ever went to sleep that night, my brain was still processing that we had made it to the state tournament. Six o’clock came early that next day as we were scheduled to play at nine that morning against Mart for the State Semi-Finalist. No-one expected us to win, but against all odds, we did it was remarkable. One of the previous teams we had played during play-offs Italy, coach was there. Her face after our win was unforgettable; she was puzzled that we were playing for the state tittle. Italy’s coach thought that that should have been her team, but it wasn’t. To celebrate our big win over Mart, later that night our team and families went out for dinner and as the darkness of night settled we were able to see the bat’s adventure out into the night sky. This was an overwhelming day you could say. Later that night we returned back to our hotel for some late night swimming, elevator tag which got us into trouble but was quit entertaining, and call’s for dessert at three in to morning! Luckily we had the next day to rest and prepare for the championship game for the following day. Since we still had one more game to play and we had an extra day in-between games. All of us girls had a choice whether to spend the day at the hotel or go out and shop at San Marcus. Of course we went shopping, who wouldn’t have, that’s what girls do best. We shopped for a couple hours, ate lunch, shopped for a little more, had ice cream. I couldn’t take it after that my feet were killing me. When we arrived at the hotel I put on my bathing suit and headed straight to the hot tub. We were able to sleep in till nine for our next game since it wasn’t till noon. My thought when I woke up that morning was I was actually going to be playing for the state tittle. We didn’t care if we won or lost it was all about the experience and how much fun we had had. We were playing Forsan, who had won state to year before. Unfortunately, we didn’t win that day. Yeah we could have had a ring but still that didn’t matter to us we were never expected to be here from the start but we were. After we achieved our melts some people were crying, some were sad, not me. I had the biggest smile on my face from ear to ear. Why not be excited, we had done something no one expected us to do, no one in the state of Texas thought we could have, yet we did. After our game we got the chance to explore the UT girls’ softball lock room, it was quite interesting first thing you notice is the couch with a huge 72† TV and Xbox nothing I expected in a women’s lock room maybe in a men’s. In the lock room we were given state finalist shirt and a bag that our medal would be able to go in to store them. The medal was much bigger and heavier than expected. Imagine the size of an average palm of a hand if not bigger which is significantly large. This trip was something not most high school athletes get to experience, but I did. It was full of everything but regrets. If there’s one thing I took home with me beside them medal, it was that even though we were never supposed to be in the state tournament we were, we were never supposed to win against mart and get a chance at the state tittle, yet we did. Even though we lost, it shows you that the underdogs should never be underestimated. And this story is a prime example of it. How to cite Remembering an Event, Papers Remembering an event Free Essays Before wrestling was always that little overweight kid who was instantly being made fun of when I was in elementary and middle school, which explains why I’m shy sometimes towards people because I’m afraid I might be judged. Also at home when I was young, I would always get yelled at for everything that did even when I didn’t do anything’s because was the oldest of my brother and sister. All know is that I didn’t like my childhood at all as I was growing up. We will write a custom essay sample on Remembering an event or any similar topic only for you Order Now When became a teenager, I started high school and things changed. Things started to change when started high school, I darted making new friends, and was also ditching a lot and making terrible decisions. Freshman year wasn’t that bad because wasn’t failing, but at the same time I wasn’t getting good Benefactors grades. Sophomore year I started lowering my grades because started hanging out with kids older than me, so would ditch a lot. They weren’t in gangs or anything bad, they were just older than me and had cars. I already had the thought in my head that wasn’t going to go to college, or that wasn’t going to do anything good in my life. Once I started noir year everything changed. I met this kid in my class named Juan, who was into military things and sports that had to do with fighting. In the winter, Juan had told me that he wanted to join wrestling, and that I should join with him, so I did. When the season started I didn’t think I was going to stick with it because I didn’t know anybody, and would get tired quickly. Weeks passed and I started to learn more moves, and I also began losing weight and gaining muscle. I began eating healthier and started lifting more weights. The coach loud always joke around with us after we had a good practice and serious if he saw that we didn’t try at all. The thing that made everybody look up to the coach and respect him was that he would give us motivational speeches before and after our matches, which made me win each time. Senior year came, and got the varsity spot for heavyweight and that made me get really excited. The coach talked to me and told me that if wanted the spot permanently and also to be in the team, I had to stop ditching my classes and start getting my grades up. Ewe the coach was right so told him that I would, and I did. That year was my best season because I went undefeated for 14 matches, and I won four tournaments first place, and my final record was 22-4. By the end of senior year, I had made a lot of friends, and also I was passing my classes, and if I wanted to Benefactors graduate all had to do was make up the classes that I failed my freshman and sophomore year by attending night s chool. This event changed me by making me try harder in life if I want to achieve my goals. At the end of it all wrestling was en of the biggest events that I want to keep remembering for the rest of my year came, and I got the varsity spot for heavyweight and that made me get really excited. The coach talked to me and told me that if I wanted the spot start getting my grades up. I knew the coach was right so I told him that would, and did. Thayer was my best season because I went undefeated for 14 matches, and won four tournaments first place, and my final record Benefactors graduate all I had to do was make up the classes that failed my one of the biggest events that want to keep remembering for the rest of my life. How to cite Remembering an event, Papers

The Seriousness of Dui and the Army Regulations That Govern It free essay sample

Driving while under the influence is a serious charge and there a several different army regulations that govern it. The primary regulation that governs it is article 112 of the uniformed code of military justice. DUI is a very serious offense, but when faced with a DUI while serving in the military, it means the consequences can and usually are much more severe. If someone who is a member of the armed forces finds him or herself facing a Military DUI charge, there are a number of differences regarding a military DUI compared to a civilian DUI charge. The first difference is that when a person is in the military, their case can be tried in a military court. The military has a different criterion for evaluating the state’s legal blood alcohol level. In a military court, if the blood alcohol limit is lower than the state’s legal limit, it doesn’t necessarily matter. If the military court feels that the blood alcohol level was high enough to impair the ability of the person driving a vehicle, they can still be charged with a military DUI. Intoxicated in the military is defined as the presence in the blood of any amount of alcohol, however small. It is very possible for a military person to be DUI or DWI even if a Breathalyzer or BAT, blood alcohol test, discloses that the blood alcohol concentration is considerably below the state’s legal level. Anyone in the military facing a DUI can expect that it will destroy their military career. The reason being is because a dishonorable discharge usually and often occurs when a military person is arrested for a DUI, and that means a career in the military will probably end. There are times when the relationship of the service person with their commanding officer can have an affect on the end result, but more often than not, an alcohol related arrest bears great consequences. If a person in the military faces a court-martial because of military DUI charges, their good name, along with their military career, benefits and freedom are at great risk. More than likely a positive alcohol test will lead to the end of a military career in addition to federal conviction and jail time. There are several repercussions for service members of all branches caught driving while intoxicated. Under Army Regulations, if a service members BAC is between 0. 05 and 0. 079, their driving privileges and military driver’s license can be suspended for 90 days. If their BAC is 0. 08 or more, the license will be revoked for a year. Two DUI convictions within five years will result in a five-year revocation of the license, and three alcohol-related traffic offenses will result in the permanent loss of their military driver’s license. To reinstate their drivers license after a DUI incident, service members must complete the ASAP training, take remedial drivers training, and possess a valid state drivers license before they can obtain a letter from their commander recommending reinstatement. In addition to a license suspension, service members who are caught driving with a BAC of 0. 05 or more may receive a General Officer Memorandum of Reprimand, which can be filed locally or in their permanent file. Those caught driving with a BAC of 0. or more are in violation of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and face either a court-martial or, more commonly, a non-judicial action (Article 15) from their commander. Under Article 15, the maximum punishment could include for E-4 and below: loss of all rank to E-1, loss of half of one months pay for two months, and up to 60 days of extra duties and restriction to the garrison. For service members rank, E-5 to E-6, loss of one rank, loss of half of one months pay for two mont hs, and up to 60 days of extra duties and restriction to the garrison. For service members rank, E-7 and above, they may lose rank if punishment is imposed by a general officer, loss of half a months pay for two months, and 45 days of extra duties and restriction to the garrison. For service members who are Officers, they have no loss of rank, restriction for 30 days, arrest in quarters for 60 days, loss of half of one months pay for two months. Driving with a BAC of over 0. 1, or any level of intoxication sufficient to impair the mental or physical faculties, could be tried at a court-martial. At a court-martial for drunken driving, the maximum punishment a service member could receive is, If a personal injury is caused; dishonorable discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances, and confinement for 18 months. If no injury is involved then; bad-conduct discharge, forfeiture of all pay and allowances and confinement for six months. In 2009, Army Regulation 600-85 was amended to require that Soldiers be initiated for separation if they receive two convictions of DUI during the course of their career or if they are involved in two incidences of alcohol-related misconduct per year. Intoxicated driving is a serious offense. It puts not only the safety of the driver at risk but the safety of those around him or her at risk as well. It can lead to bodily injury, destruction of property, or even death. It can reduce the effectiveness of the offending party’s unit to effectively complete the mission. It can create an undue emotional and financial stress on the service member’s family as well. The repercussions can be far felt and long lasting. The best way to avoid this entire unnecessary burden is to put down that drink and not pick up those keys.

Suzuki Motorcycle Media Plan

Company/Brand Information Suzuki is a Japanese Motor Company that began operating in 1909. Michio Suzuki founded the multinational company at the age of 22 after constructing a pedal-driven loom for the silk industry. The company has been famous for its motorcycles, but has also entered the automobiles’ field. After the 1950 financial crisis that resulted in labor difficulties, the company entered the motor vehicle field; it launched the Power Free 36cc, 2-cylce motorized bicycle in 1952 and Diamond Free 600cc in 1953.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Suzuki Motorcycle Media Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suzuki Motor Company joined the US market in 1964; it exported and distributed over 6,000 Suzuki motorcycles. With the manufacturing of technologically advanced touring motorcycles, the company has been able to meet the needs of the wealthy class in the US market. The Hispanic population in the Uni ted Sates remains the largest minority population having a percentage of 17% of the national population as of July 2012 (Humphreys, 2012). Just like other companies, Suzuki Motorcycle also felt the effects of the 2008/2009 global financial meltdown. The motor industry has come up with new models of motorcycles, and has laid strong marketing strategies to reach the Hispanic population in the US. In order to ensure close follow-up within the US, the multinational automotive company had set up the American headquarters in California. The state of California is projected to have more Hispanics than whites by March 2014. The American headquarter, therefore, is a strategic point for the company to engage the Hispanic population. The media plan outlines how the motor company intends to maneuver in the current dynamic market and outshine its competitors like Honda, Kawasaki, Yamaha, and Harley Davidson in marketing its motorcycle brands to the Hispanic population in the US. The aftermath of the Second World War saw the company begin to manufacture bicycle engines to aid in transporting products to different location; the new mode of transport in the country was affordable. Suzuki mostly targeted the middle-income civilians who needed small, comfortable, and cost effective locomotives. In 2011, Suzuki assumed the 10th position among multinationals dealing in the manufacture, assembly, and sale of automobiles. In 2013, Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) rated Suzuki, as the country’s second greatest producer and distributor of automobiles (Global Suzuki, n.d.). Suzuki’s ownership is a family affair considering that its current Chief Executive Officer is Osamu Suzuki. Marketing Mix (4P’s) – Products Suzuki motorcycles have been common for two uses: sporting and commuting. The sport/sport touring segment in the United States has different motorcycles brands, such as TU250X, GS500F, GSR750, INAZUMA 250, and GLADIUS. Suzuki Inazuma 250 is fuel-efficient and is capable of close to 85 mpg; the model has wide range of genuine accessories and has a semi-double cradle frame with the 248cc engine.Advertising Looking for report on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More (Global Suzuki, n.d.) In the commuting segment, there is the Suzuki SFV650. The bike has a seat height slightly less than 31 inches. SFV650 has an extremely accessible size, and provides plenty of confidence to those who prefer low-speed driving. Users of SFV650 agree that the bike is smooth and has an energetic commuter since it has a smooth handling. There is also the 2010 Suzuki DR650; this bike is available in the US market. This model has the ability to move in ragged regions and other potentials that other models lack. It has the ability to maneuver through rocky areas, as it uses limited fuel and can access both urban and suburban areas. In targeting the Hispanic population in t he US, the company will have to manufacture affordable products so that they target market can purchase. There are also Suzuki Cruisers, Suzuki Dirt Bikes, Suzuki ATVs, and Suzuki Scooters. Suzuki Hayabusa gained entry into the market in 1999, and is the fastest sport-bike model of the Suzuki Company. This sport-bike has a speed of 186mph, and in 10 seconds, it can accelerate within a quarter mile. This model was meant to compete the Kawasaki Ninja ZX-12, currently referred to as ZX-14 and the outdated Honda CBR1100XX Blackbird. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Suzuki Motorcycle Media Plan specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More (Global Suzuki, n.d.) Place The company has its global headquarter in Minamu-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan; it also has another headquarter in Brea, California. The two headquarters realize high sales, offer good services to their customers, and coordinates the sales of all Suzuki motorcycles in the globe. With its entry into over 190 nations, the motor company has been the main distributor of the products. Apart from the American Suzuki Cooperation, there is Pakistani Suzuki Company Limited and Suzuki Canada Inc. In the US, Suzuki operates in many states targeting the people of color. The company must take into concern the activities of other competitors in the market. The company enjoys large presence in Europe and the US. Price Suzuki motorcycle models are comparatively cheaper than the Honda, Yamaha, and Harley-Davidson models. The Inazuma 250 ranges between $3,900 and $4, 990. This makes Suzuki motorcycles the fourth most expensive brands in the US market, which the media plan targets the Hispanic population. Suzuki Motorcycles Price Ranges (USD) Quad-Sport Z50 (LT-Z50) $2,500 – $2,800 Suzuki DR-Z70 $2,000-$2,500 Suzuki DR-Z400E $7,990 – $8,000 Suzuki DR650SE $7,500- $8,100 Suzuki Burgman 400 ABS (AN400A) $10,000 – $10,500 Suzuki GSX-R1000 $17,500 – $18,770 Suzuki GSX-R600 $14,000 – $15,000 Inazuma 250 $3,900 – $4,990 (Global Suzuki, n.d.) Promotions The company reaches its customers and others through many modes of advertisements. The company relies heavily on internet and network TV to reach the consumers. In the US, the use of internet-enabled gadgets will make it possible for Suzuki to remain in touch with the Hispanic population.Advertising Looking for report on transportation? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the print media, there are motorcycle magazines, entertainment magazines, sport magazines, men magazines, and other outdoor cycle magazines like cycle guides. After reviewing their best selling model, Hayate, the company invested 6 – 8% of the total turnover in promotions in 2013 (Global Suzuki, n.d.). Suzuki has been supporting sporting activities since the 90’s. This provides it with the requisite exposure for brand positioning of its products. In addition, it posts advertisements around stadia during sporting events. The company advertises on newspapers and television stations across the globe as well. Its most successful advert increased the purchase of Suzuki Hayate (Global Suzuki, n.d.). In other occasions, different sponsors often support events organized by Suzuki. Suzuki equally uses social media to reach out to audiences on Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn among other avenues. Just like the cars’ slogan â€Å"Small Cars for a Big Future,† the motorcycle company has focused on the American market with honest, realistic, and inspired advertisement tone about their products. Industry Information According to Kochhar, Fry, and Taylor (2013), there is stiff competition in the motorcycle industry. An analysis on the sales from 1992 to 2012 shows the growth in sales up to 2008/2009. The decline was due to the economic recession. An approximate 450,000 motorcycles were sold in 2010. Suzuki belongs to the manufacturing industry. It deals in the design, assembly, and marketing of automobiles in its 23 subsidiaries across the world (Global Suzuki, n.d.). Many external factors influencing sales in the automobile sector include politics, economics, technology, and competitor information. Politics A stable political platform provides an opportunity for companies to thrive. Politics influence relations between countries and citizens. This influences the exchange rates of currencies in the targeted countries. Latin America has an unstab le political ground. Investors in these countries need to develop risk measurement policies in their media plans in order to develop solutions to business stability even when wars occur. Economics In the past three years, Suzuki engaged in extensive financial training of individuals in the US. The company realized that financial illiteracy makes it difficult for consumers to make wise decisions before purchasing products or services. This will help Suzuki in attracting several Hispanics who will have interest in Suzuki stocks due to its speed. However, other financial factors such as inflation are beyond the control of Suzuki, Honda, Kawasaki, and Yamaha among other players in the market. When recession occurs, it increases the cost of importing used Japanese motorcycles, and new ones; this would increase the price of the imported products, which could interfere with sales. Technology Product development at Suzuki requires sufficient technological input. Technology assists in resear ch, marketing, online banking, and other cost effective activities. Suzuki needs to venture into a market that understands technology properly. It should have an advanced technological community that would carry out online transactions for shipment purposes. Business trends shifted towards online support systems in the 20th century (Katz, 1995), and Suzuki needs to ensure that the Latin market understands these concepts properly. Competitors’ Information The Suzuki motorcycles are facing stiff competition from Harley Davidson, Honda, Yamaha, and Kawasaki. In terms of market-share in the US, Suzuki ranks 5th after the listed motorcycle companies. Company Market Share Suzuki 12.46% Harley – Davidson 27.28% – Number One Honda 20.94% Yamaha 17.04% Kawasaki 13.78% (Suzuki Motorcycles, n.d.) Suzuki Harley-Davidson Honda Yamaha Kawasaki Market Share 12.46% 27.28% 20.94% 17.04% 13.78% Pricing range of products $3,000 – $15,000 $8,000 †“ $38,000 $4,000 – $24,000 $4,000 – $20,000 $4,000 – $20,000 Revenue (2011) $32,725 million $5,312 million $112,131 million $16,012 million $16,000 million Net Income (2011) $567 million $599 million $6,701 million $338 million $290.8 million Emphasis on Advertising Speed and friends Masculinity, mystery, and aggressive Nice and friendly people City, light, power, and music Youth, energy, and imagine Share of Voice 7% 58.9% 14.6% 12.2% 7.9% Media Spending Internet, Network TV Magazine, Internet, Cable TV Cable TV Magazines, Network TV Magazines, Internet (Suzuki Motorcycles, n.d.) External Information With the Suzuki media plan targeting the Hispanic population in the US, the report analyzes the Hispanic economical, political, social, and cultural trends. These parameters and trends affect the sales of motorcycles among the targeted population. Even though the Hispanic population is expected to surpass that of whites, their economic status is far much behind the rest of the nation. Household income, home ownership, and managerial occupations are some of the key indicators of economic status. According to the Pew Research Center analysis, the median wealth of Hispanic Households is 1/18 time that of white households (Humphreys, 2012). The median wealth table below shows the wealth ratios of the Hispanic population to the whites and whites to blacks. From the table, 2009 is the year that white-to-Hispanic ratio was much higher compared to other years since 1984. (Humphreys, 2012) By 2012, there were approximately 48 million Hispanics in the US. A study on the effects of the 2001/2002 recession indicated that Hispanics were hard hit. Averagely, the Hispanic population has a per capita income of about one third to that of whites. Despite the negative aspects of the recession, Hispanics’ buying-power continues to revitalize the consumer market. There has been a constant rise in their economic clouts since 1990. This make s it a good target for the Suzuki Motorcycle products. Between 2002 and 2007, for instance, Hispanic companies almost quadrupled the non-Hispanic companies by growing by 45% implying that they are experiencing increase in wealth ownership. Similarly, the Hispanic population lags behind in acquiring high school education and other educational attainments. Even though the targeted population is below the Native Americans in educational achievement, there has been an upward mobility in the number of those acquiring high school diplomas and bachelor degrees in recent years. Hispanics in the job market between 2000 and 2012 increased by 38%, representing nearly 6 million people (Humphreys, 2012). Since the American population has people of different culture, per capita income, demographics, and wealth, it is evident that the nature of Hispanic spending is not similar to that of the inhabitants. Hispanics families use-up less money on new automobiles, entertainment, and healthcare than th e non-Hispanics population in the United States. From the cultural dimension, there has been a continuous progression of Baby Boomers among the Hispanic population; they have turned on motorcycles to recapture the youths. This has been evident with the increase in the number of accidents and reduction in motorcycle ownership. In 1993, 1 in 10 people owned a motorcycle, while in 2003 the rate reduced to 1 in about 4 (Suzuki Motorcycles, n.d.). In order to minimize the rampant deaths emanating from motorcycles, there is need to enforce stringent laws to end fatal crashes. The Suzuki Company can also set-up motorcycle riding schools across the US to attract more Hispanics, thus reducing the number of deaths resulting from careless riding. The US has a favorable political environment that supports business activities. Politics determine the inter-boundary relations between states. It also determines the relationship between a government and the citizens. Moreover, it exists in the relat ionship between rivals in a target market. When Suzuki invests in the US, it should assess the growth potential in the states by reviewing profiles of other competitors. There is a possibility that the progress of competitors such as Yamaha in the US could equally apply to Suzuki’s progress in the same place. According to Katz (1995), a politically stable country negotiates monetary exchange rates reasonably. It saves resources for public gain; this reduces the cost of taxation. Most states have unstable political grounds, which adversely affect businesses. Inflation influences major decisions in this industry. Following the 2009 to 2011 worldwide recession, companies developed media plans that had financial risk management measures. Inflation also influences exchange rates between countries. Considering it is an external factor, Suzuki cannot control it. Instead, it needs to develop a good strategic plan that will help it manage the unpredictable economic terrain in Latin Am erica. Other economic factors that Suzuki needs to assess include the number of major and minor competitors in the target market. This will enable it establish showrooms in the most receptive states in the US. Product development at Suzuki requires sufficient technological input. Technology assists in research, marketing, online banking, and other cost effective activities. Suzuki needs to venture into a market that understands technology properly. It should have an advanced technological community that would carry out online transactions for shipment purposes. Business trends shifted towards online support systems in the 20th century (Katz, 1995), and Suzuki needs to ensure that the Latin market understands these concepts properly. Current Users After introducing TU250X, GS500F, GSR750, INAZUMA 250, Suzuki Scooters, Suzuki Hayabusa, and GLADIUS to the African and Indian markets, it was evident that the car suited middle-income earners who sought to reduce traffic and fuel consumpti on. A similar case applies to Latin America. Users of Suzuki motorcycles compliment its speed and ability to access various terrains (Global Suzuki, n.d.). In India and Africa, people use various models in both urban and suburban regions for commuting, racing, and fun events. The fact that it reduces congestion of public vehicles promotes its convenience to the suburban areas. People from such regions constantly seek markets in urban regions while acquiring resources from the rural areas. They choose these Suzuki models since it maneuvers through different terrains. The Suzuki motorcycles have many traits including affordability, which is a principal factor to consider. India and Africa have huge populations of low and medium-income earners (Global Suzuki, n.d.). They have huge differences between the rich and the poor. This contributes to high poverty levels making it possible for people to acquire the basics only. Following the introduction of varied motorcycles in this market, pe ople displayed interest in ownership of motorcycles for commercial purposes. Indians and Africans like Suzuki motorcycles because of their low fuel consumption rate. A capacity of 60cc enables an individual to drive the commuter model for almost two weeks without refueling. This encourages most people to own such models. Further, its maintenance is easy because of locally available spare-parts in various markets. Suzuki Hayabusa and Hayeta provide services for light-users because of its size. However, it does not damage easily; this reduces the cost of maintenance (Global Suzuki, n.d.). Among those who plan to buy or lease a motorcycle in the next 12 months, the age group of 18-24 and 23-34 showed great potential, they have indexes of 180 and 123 (Kochhar, Fry, Taylor, 2013). Within the group who shows interest to buy or rent motorcycles, most of them have a relatively high income, for example, those who have an average income from $70,000 to $104,999 has the highest share. In summ ary, demographics and psychographics of audiences in India, Africa, and the US are close. They share related political and socio-economic challenges, and this shapes their mindset. The same applies to audiences who choose other motorcycle brands from Suzuki, Kawasaki, Honda, Harley-Davidson, and Yamaha. The increase in the number of educated Hispanics increases the income levels. This has made it possible for such families to own motorcycles. The Suzuki Motorcycle firm has to put up relevant marketing strategies to hold the Hispanic population even with the stiff competition for the competitors. References Global Suzuki. (n.d.). Web. Humphreys, J. (2012, September 5). Economy: Hispanic Economic Clout. Web. Katz, H. E. (1995). The media handbook. Lincolnwood, Ill., USA: NTC Business Books. Kochhar, R., Fry, R., Taylor, P. (2013, July 4). Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks, Hispanics. Web. Suzuki Motorcycles. (n.d.). Web. This report on Suzuki Motorcycle Media Plan was written and submitted by user Taraji Whitfield to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

First in Asia and the World essay

First in Asia and the World essay First in Asia and the World essay First in Asia and the World essayDHL International is one of the leading international express carriers. The company discovered the market segment of combined express services for land and sea in 1969. Eventually, DHL focused on international express delivery. Currently DHL employs more than 300,000 people and targets more than 220 countries with 120,000 destinations. The major market of DHL is Asia, but the company is pursuing a strategy of international expansion. DHL uses local staffing and builds relationships with its customers, customs agents and other stakeholders.The evolution of the market segment led to the creation of competitors in international express delivery. The competitors have advantages in size, pricing and flexibility. Despite DHL reputation and customer loyalty, the company had the worst service provided for the highest price in the past. DHL started improving the quality of its service, reducing prices and growing through acquisitions. In the U.S., DHL acquired Airborne Express with the intention to combine domestic service with existing international offers.Case AnalysisQuestion 1. First mover advantageThere are several advantages of a first mover: the use of positive feedback loops and the ability to lock consumers into the technology, increased brand loyalty, quick increase of sales volume, creation of switching costs for customers and entry barriers for competitors, accumulation of valuable business knowledge (Kozami, 2002). A manufacturing company benefits more from the first mover advantage since it can lock the customers into the technology (which is rarely possible for services) and create switching costs for customers and entry barriers for competitors. The other advantages of first mover apply both to service and manufacturing companies. In general, manufacturing companies benefit more from being first movers, but also experience great risk of losses if their new product fails.Question 2. Global expansion and company focusServic e companies need to develop brand loyalty and to build relationships with customers to a greater extent compared to manufacturing companies. The focus of manufacturing companies is on reducing price, while the focus of service companies is fulfilling the needs of customers in the best way. The obstacles to global expansion of service companies might be the scalability of service and the ability to customize the service to customer needs in different countries.Question 3. DHL staffing International staffing is efficient for DHL since it allows to tailor the service to the local needs and to build more resilient relationships with customers. In the case of international staffing, staff are multilingual and it is easier to work with customers from different destinations. Due to international staffing, DHL also has a larger pool of workforce to select from. However, there exist also cons of international staffing: language barriers, costs of relocation, cultural differences and teambuil ding challenges.Question 4. Faltering in the United States DHL strategy was good for a new market segment, but was not efficient for the competitive market in the United States. The lack of cost optimization and efficiency, excess advertising and the issues of merging two different businesses after the acquisition of Airborne Express were the key causes why DHL was faltering in the U.S (Hill, Jones Shilling, 2014). Furthermore, the U.S. labor market is different compared to Asia: workforce is more expensive and the employees are more fastidious. Other dangers of the first mover position include additional costs for developing a new market, higher risks of failure, the risks associated with technological change, the possibility that customers will switch to competitors and the possibility that the competitors will copy or even improve the first movers business model (Singla, 2008).Conclusions and RecommendationsDHL managed to use first mover advantages to grow the new market segment international express delivery. The company, however, missed the entry of competitors and had to face intensive competition. Furthermore, DHL set high prices and offered poor quality services compared to its competitors. In terms of ethical responsibility, DHL generally demonstrated reasonable approach since it tailored the services to local needs and customized the offers to customer requests. At the same time, there were numerous labor scandals associated with DHL staffing practices and freedom of workers to organize into unions in DHL (Hill, Jones Shilling, 2014). DHL needs to reconsider its policies and to incorporate ethical values and ethical decision-making. The company should focus on improving its staffing practices and optimizing its costs and services. In particular, in the United States DHL should focus on integrating its core advantage international express delivery with local services.

Comparing and contrasting China and Korea (about emotion) Essay

Comparing and contrasting China and Korea (about emotion) - Essay Example People tend to shy away from expressing their emotions and when they express, it occurs over a short period. In addition, a person suppresses emotions and only expresses minimal intensity of what he or she feels. This suggests emotional strength that allows for such a regulation even though cultural orientation also dictates it. Chinese culture preserves dominance of collective harmony in the society and established social hierarchies with which emotions should not interfere (Bond 245). Emotions among Chinese citizens also identify patriotism to their country and collectivism. Citizens, for example, have strong attachments to their country, are proud of their citizenships, and have positive attitude towards the country’s development. Strong attachment towards fellow citizens also exists, though not as strong as that towards the nation (Marsh and Lee 105). An understanding of Korean emotional orientation identifies similarities with, and distinctions from the Chinese emotional orientation. Korean cultural definition of emotion focuses on people and this suggest stronger ties to people, as opposed to the case in China in which stronger ties are towards the nation. Korean emotion is embedded in empathy in which a person feels an obligation to help a needy and feels guilty for failing to help under the circumstance. Korean emotional orientation, unlike the Chinese orientation, allows for freedom of emotional orientation, at least in such cases as funerals. The Korean concept that emotion does not interfere with a person’s rationale also suggest that social factors such as need for collectivism and social hierarchy does not constrain emotional expressions (Besemeres and Wierzbicka 121). Hofstede values for the two populations’ cultural orientation however establishes similarities of the two emotional orientations, despite the observed differences. Even though power distance, which is a significant constraint to

Visual Teaching Strategies On Children With Autism Research Paper

Visual Teaching Strategies On Children With Autism - Research Paper Example This essay approves that the reading and writing program has been on the leading edge in providing better services to these children that had suffered from autism through providing better mans that enabled them to quickly learn the traits of better verbal and written communication. Children who had previously attended the ABA programs were visually strong as they could easily assemble word puzzles together that were at a very complex level than their own age. They had mastered only the physical details and readings that if something was changed just a bit they would quickly forget about it. They had highly developed in their visual remembrance but the only set back they experienced was the inability to detect and notice any changes that were made, for example in the road signs. By noticing these difficulties in those children that were affected by autism, Nina Lovaas adopted the system where she could use the writing and reading to try and put more emphasis to the learning provided t o the child hence it would stick more in their minds. This report makes a conclusion that the Nina Lovaas reading and writing program is different when compared with the other programs for a variety of reasons. It is hoped that the reading and writing program will make learning more applicable than PECS in the sense that in PECS one is always to carry the big book with all the symbols, while in the reading and writing program, all that is needed is a portable computer for effective and efficient communication. Therefore, the Nina Lovaas reading and Writing Program is a way of enhancing and amplifying all academic qualifications of children.

Contemporary Debates in Food and Farming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Debates in Food and Farming - Essay Example gases and climate change: whereas growing population and globalization stimulate industrial and economic growth, the side effects of it are disturbing in terms of greenhouse gases emission and hence climate change. According to Rust & Rust (2013, p. 255), â€Å"climate change and its effects on existence on earth are becoming more and more relevant as physical evidence of change in our climate is beginning to mount†. Among numerous economic areas affecting condition of the atmosphere, agricultural sector is one of rather influential factors. Agriculture is the sector aimed at production of food products and raw materials for other industry branches and employing about 1 billion people all over the world. As far as this sector is crucial for economic well-being, it is present almost in all countries of the world. Thus, due to economic reasons, environmental effect of agriculture is literally unavoidable for each of the countries with agricultural sector. The map presented in the Figure 1 illustrates that almost all the countries are engaged in agricultural activity to certain extent. With the population growing rapidly, scientists of agricultural sector, demand for products of agricultural sector and particularly of animal origin is increasing worldwide (Webb & Erasmus, 2013, p. 413). Considering growing demand, specialists do their best deploying their scientific knowledge and developed technological means in order to intensify production of food. However, economic growth is connected to volumes of CO2 emissions produced by different industrial and agricultural enterprises. In the recent fifty years, amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in the sectors of forestry, fishery, crops cultivation and other agricultural segments have increased twice and are likely to keep increasing at a fast pace in future. As it is shown in the Figure 2, agricultural sector in the United States accounts for 10% of greenhouse gas emissions (EPA, 2014). On the global scale, agricultural

Study on research methodology

Study on research methodology This philosophy was considered as a standard with which this research was designed. Outline of the methods that were employed to complete the research is discussed in this chapter. Saunders et al. (2009) states that any kind of study that can establish casual relationships between variables in the research can be called as Explanatory research. In this dissertation, both primary and secondary data is collected from appropriate audience. Both Qualitative method of data collection and Quantitative method are used. Richardson (2000), states that qualitative work cannot be easily comprehended through graphical representations and thus it carries its meaning in the entire text. To ensure that the data are telling us the same thing that we think they are telling us and to reduce bias error, Triangulation method is also employed. This method of research was deemed to be the best for the purpose of this research. 3.1 The Research Onion Saunders et al. (2006) gives an extensive and explicit differentiation about the ways in which a research can be carried out. Right from the first layer of Philosophy of research followed by Approach, Strategy, Choice, Time Horizon and Technique and Procedure respectively. Each layer is vital to the skeleton the structure of the dissertation. Detailed study of the issues underlying the choice of data collection techniques and analysis procedures lead the researcher to this research (Figure 3.2). However the original model is figure 3.1 below: F:Powerpointpe_ukPE083-SaundersFinal_FilesGifch04C04NF001.gif Figure 3.1: The Research Onion Source:  ©Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis, Adrian Thornhill (2006) (http://wps.pearsoned.co.uk) Preferred Methods and Critique Research Methods preferred for this Dissertation are demonstrated in Figure 3.2 below: Core of the Onion would be same Techniques Procedures of Data Collection and Analysis Figure 3.2: The Research Onion for this Dissertation Source: Created from model provided by  © Mark Saunders, Philip Lewis and Adrian Thornhill 2008 (Saunders et al., 2009 Pp. 108) Research Philosophy The philosophy of this research is mainly based on principles of Realism which is more inclined towards scientific enquiry. Saunders (2009), argue that Realism is a philosophical position which relates to scientific enquiry. Realism is a branch of epistemology which is similar to positivism. It believes that what senses show us is reality: that objectives do have their own existence quite independent of the mind. Bhaskar (1989) being a critical realist adapts the view that What we see is only the part of the bigger picture. Which is also the view of the author while conducting the research and attempting to look at the bigger picture as already done by famous people like Warren Buffet. 3.1.1.1 Critique This type of philosophy the researcher is likely to employ the existing theory and data. This can be considered as a drawback as it could have been more insightful if there was primary data backed up with the existing one in the Objectives 1, 2, 3 and 4. It was however unattainable for the capacity of this study. There is also some amount of Epistemology and Positivism seen throughout the research. Research Approach Emphasis and nature of the research topic directs the author to adopt the inductive approach of research (Creswell, 2002) where the data are collected and a theory developed as a result of the data analysis. The researcher has a strong understanding of the theory of the topics covered in the literature review and the approach developed was the result of the theories (William, 2006). Hussey et al. (2007) propose that the purpose of this research is exploratory, descriptive and explanatory as there are few studies from which the researcher may obtain information about the specified issue. 3.1.2.1 Critique As compared to the inductive approach, deductive approach seems to be widely used with the positivist research philosophy. However inductive approach was considered to be good for this research as the aim was not to narrow down by developing hypothesis from theories and then confirming them rather to gain understanding of the meanings humans attach to events and theories and also to address the gap in the literature. Research Strategy The approach adapted is of Grounded Theory and some Case Examples to aid the triangulation of the data. Looking beyond its general criticisms the researcher would advocate that the key issue to remember in such an approach is that grounded theory is an interpretive process, rather than a logico-deductive one and researcher should treat it as a highly creative process (Suddaby, 2006). The aim is to discover patterns and develop hypotheses rather than testing or confirming them. The focus therefore is to gain insight and familiarity with the subject area in view of more detailed investigation at a later stage. 3.1.3.1 Critique Amongst various other available alternatives of experiments, surveys, action research, ethnography and archival research, surveys could have been another choice for the research. The researcher decided not to use a self-administered survey because of various reasons the most important being that one wouldnt be able to prompt respondents if they had difficulty in answering some questions (Bryman Bell 2007). There are issues which need better understanding are complex in nature which is part of the questionnaire and if the researcher wasnt present respondents might have left some questions out. As a consequence of this the researcher could have been left with incomplete data (Bryman Bell 2007). Research Choice This approach is open and enables the researcher to gather a broad range of data and impressions; however it rarely provides conclusive answers (Beall, 2002). The advantage of exploratory research is that it builds a foundation and offers guidance for further studies within the field. As suggested by Curran and Blackburn (2001), both quantitative and qualitative techniques will be employed and primary and secondary sources of data will be used. 3.1.4.1 Critique The research mainly focuses on qualitative data and Multiple Method Choices are made for the research following the comment of Curran and Blackburn (2001), that this method is increasingly advocated within business and management research. Detailed comparative criticism of qualitative and quantitative methods is given in section 3.2. Time Horizon Time Horizon for the research is chosen to be a longitudinal research as it has the ability to study change and development over the time. Since the problem of personal debt was not as common in old times and as it is now and it has increased as the economy has developed, this time horizon is adapted. Thus according to Bouma and Atkinson (1995, Pp.114), the question here to ask will be Has there been any change over a period of time? The specific question here thus becomes: Has there been any change in management and distribution of money over a period of time? 3.1.5.1 Critique This research can also be criticised as being cross-sectional whereby you study a particular phenomenon at a particular time (Saunders et al 2006, Pp.148) as it is also pointing the reader towards the current economic scenario. This also a result of the word and time limit of the project. The strategies mentioned above and depicted in the figure 3.2 are not considered as mutually exclusive as suggested by Yin (2003) and will be used along with other strategies and possibilities to answer the research questions in the best possible manner. 3.2 Analyzing the Alternatives It is important to understand different ways to collect data and conduct research to address the research questions and objectives in the best possible manner. This also forms the core of the research onion. In general terms research consists of: Seeking answers to questions Systematically using a predefined set of procedures to answer questions Collecting evidence To produce findings that were not determined in advance To produce findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study (www.fhi.org) As apparent from the title of the dissertation, the research philosophy here is to develop knowledge (Johnson and Clark, 2006) in the specific field of finance. Below is the table 3.2 which briefly differentiating between the two methods of data collection. Table 3.2 Comparison of Quantitative and Qualitative Methods Source: Adapted from www.fhi.org The table summarises and gives a clear idea on the use of both types of data and their uses. Being an approach which uses mixed meth.ods, this research includes both types of data. Detailed explanation of these methods is given below. 3.2.1 Criticism of Quantitative Methods Numerical data or other data which can be quantified to address the research objectives can be described as quantitative data. Quantitative data in its original form becomes very difficult to interpret and draw meaning from. Thus these data need to be processed, analysed and presented in the form of charts, graphs and tables for better understanding of the relationships and trends within the gathered data. (Saunders et al., 2009) Quantitative methods in this research were used in a form of a questionnaire to address objective 5. As they generally confirm hypotheses about phenomena and rigid style of categorising questions is necessary, it was used to segment the respondents and then understand different views of them as a portion of the society. However mainly the nature of the research demanded the qualitative methods to be adapted. 3.2.1.1 Questionnaire Saunders et at. (2009) argue that many times questionnaires are used by people before the consideration of alternative methods, like examination of secondary sources, observation and semi-structured or unstructured interviews. They advice the researchers to evaluate all the possible data collection methods and choose the one that is most appropriate to the research questions. It is not the case in this research and it was chosen as the most appropriate method to be used to achieve defined objectives. They will also aid in the triangulation of the data as the results will be used along with the focus group results. This in the descriptive nature of this research, which undertakes the study of attitude of people towards credit, spending and saving regarding personal finance, it will enable me to identify and describe the variability in different phenomena. 3.2.2 Criticism of Qualitative Methods All non-numeric data or that data which have not quantified can be defined as Qualitative data. These data are analysed and manipulated in ways of summarising, categorising and structuring of the meanings using a narrative. Commonly this research is done to gin deep insight about a particular problem or situation. One of the major advantages of adapting qualitative methods is that it provides the reader to understand from the view point of people how they experience the research issue in form of complex textual description. This provides us with humanistic side of the issue. This is mostly contradictory behaviours, beliefs, opinions, emotions and relationships of individuals. The other advantage being qualitative methods also give effective evaluation of many indefinable factors like, some social norms, socioeconomic status, role of genders, also ethnicity, and religion, whose role in this research is very apparent. It is seen that the culture of a country is a big factor deciding the spending and saving habits of an individual. Thus this approach is chosen. Qualitative methods when used along with quantitative methods, they can complement each other. It can improve the understanding of the complex reality of the given situation and the implications of the data collected (www.fhi.org). 3.2.2.1 Focus Group Administering a Focus Group was important for this project especially for objective 6 as the respondents replies would be considered very valuable to get in-depth knowledge of the given subject. A focus group has been also used to achieve triangulation. This is where qualitative and quantitative methods are both employed, by doing this can result in the negative aspects of one method being balanced by the positive aspects of the other creating a comprehensive and reliable set of findings (Jick 1979). Some of its advantages and limitations are discussed below: Advantages of using a Focus Group: It can help to explore issues deeply via encouraging respondents to interact with one another in relation to the topic set (Kolb 2008). This style has the potential for many views and opinions to accumulate thereby providing a good source of evidence in relation to the topic discussed (Wilson 2006). Here the interviewer has the ability to ask follow up questions if the respondent gives too general an answer, the interviewer can keep asking until they acquire a finding that is more credible (Kolb 2008) Some of its Limitations are: Data from a focus group might be difficult to analyse because of the large amount of data that is collected within a short timeframe. (Bryman Bell 2007) There can be a difficulty in finding participants for the activity as it is time consuming and demanding of the individual. (Wilson 2006) Group dynamics may also affect how much information is actually collected as some participants may contribute more than others. (Bryman Bell 2007) 3.2.2.2 Observation Observation is another method which is used in this report and has played a big role in its formation. This approach is also considered to be fun. This mainly involves: systematic observation, recording, description, analysis and interpretation of peoples behaviour. (Saunders et al., 2009) Many authors describe that this aspect of the research is to some extent neglected and less used in business and management studies. Although Delbridge and Kirkpatrick (1994) confirm that it is about attempting to learn the symbolic world and trying to get to the bottom of the processes with which an individual constantly constructs and reconstructs ones identity. This idea relates exactly with the aim and objectives of this research. Gill and Johnson (2002) have developed fourfold categorisation of this research which is available for any researcher. They are: Complete participant Complete observer Observer as participant Participant as observer Figure 3.2.2.2: Created from Saunders et al., 2009 form model provided by Gill and Johnson Here the role of Participant as Observer is used wherein researcher takes part in the activity and researchers identity is also revealed. Participant Observation is defined specifically as the researcher attempts to participate fully in the lives and activities of subjects and thus becomes a member of their group, organisation or community. This enables researchers to share their experiences by not merely observing what is happening but also feeling it. (Gill and Johnson 2002, Pp. 144) Thus, adding to the richness of the research data. Main Strengths and Weaknesses of this method of research are depicted in Table 3.2.2.2 below: Table 3.2.2.2: Strengths and Weaknesses of Participant Observation Source: Adapted from www.fhi.com 3.3 The Approach towards the Objectives Described below are the objectives of this research topic and how they were addressed: Objective 1: To understand Money and Debt employing exploratory research while briefly looking into its evolution. To address the first objective, extensive secondary research was carried out looking into the history of Money and Debt. This helped the author to understand the origins of these and thus provided fully with the capability to understand and critically analyze it. Objective 2: To analyze and compare the concepts of money and debt in various countries of world. This was again done with the help of extensive secondary research into the beliefs and values of many different countries of the world. It was done with mainly two types of differentiations namely developed and developing countries and close context and open context cultures. This will let the researcher to see beyond the particular culture, value and belief system of the UK. Objective 3: Understand various types of financial markets and institutions in the UK. This objective was fulfilled simultaneously while addressing the previous objectives. As after the base of the structure of the paper was created, this objective served as a ground floor to build on the other objectives. Objective 4: Understand various types of debts and reasons behind their creation. This objective again was achieved with the help of studying established theories and models which govern the current financial system in the world. Mainly secondary research is used and the concept of participant as an observer is reflected all through the dissertation which is also primary research. Objective 5: Identify critical factors responsible for the increasing personal debt in the UK. Identification of critical factors responsible for the increasing personal debt in the UK was done after careful consideration, on the basis of secondary data and the facts about UK economy given in Appendix 1. A questionnaire was prepared and given out to members of public. The questions mainly focused on Availability of Credit, Knowledge about Personal finance, Culture and Finance and Some Technicalities regarding fees and charges applicable. The sample included students, unemployed people, part time workers, full time workers and self employed people with different sex and age groups. Objective 6: Evaluate the awareness of UK residents about financial management and its role. This objective was achieved by the means of a focus group, some questions were formed to generally access the knowledge about money management in general population and the role it can play in their monetary situation. This was done via open ended questions to give the participant ability to get feedback and discuss in form of complex textual descriptions to access how people experience the given research issue. Sample here also included students, unemployed people, part time workers, full time workers and self employed people with different sex and age groups. Objective 7: Suggest a New Theory on Money Management in hard times. Thus in above mentioned way the objectives were addressed and data will be gathered and analyzed and the last objective to suggest a New Theory on Money Management in hard times to emerged as a result of the achievement of the previous research objectives.

I Will Always Love and Cherish You :: Love Letters Dating Email Relationships

Dear Hilary, Seven years have passed since our first encounter and in those past seven years, we have made many memories and parted ways several times. Whenever we parted ways, we were led back to each other as if there was a spark between us. Ever since you entered my life I felt as if God somehow sent one of his angels down to me. Over the last few months, I feel like my heart has grown stronger because of the love I have for you. This love gets stronger and stronger each and every day. I long for your soft, warm, and loving touch not only at sunrise but at sunset and at night as well. I think and dream about you 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Hearing your voice at night always soothes me after a long day. With a woman like you, I look forward to nightfall and wish that night would come sooner so we could be together in dreamland. In November, I will show you my true self and show you all that is in my heart, that I can only vaguely describe to you. You captured my heart fully this year and I'm glad it was you that did it. This is just the beginning of our lifelong journey together. My first path is southwest to be with you. The words of this letter cannot fully describe how I feel about you but they are the words and the small voice of my heart. You are a one of a kind woman and I want you to know that. I cannot wait to finally have you in my arms again and declare you safe from world's harm. I cannot wait to feel your soft lips against mine. I cannot wait to feel your heartbeat. I cannot wait to look into your bright, beautiful green eyes and tell you I love you. I cannot wait to run my fingers through your long, flowing blonde hair to ease your worries. Lastly, I cannot wait to wake up in the morning with you lying next to me.

Should the Chinese Government Ban the Internet Censorship?

Qing Yuan ESL114 Section G Ryan Salvador May 3, 2012 Should the Chinese government ban the internet censorship? Since the birth of internet, people have been bombarded with different kind of information every day. Internet is a network that connects the data of different private computer networks and organizational computer groups from people or organizations around the world (Merriam-Webster Dictionary). As a result, people are looking forward to having access to any kind of websites of their interest, and receiving the latest information about what is happening around their countries or around the world.However, things cannot be as perfect as expected. It is noticed by many people that many countries have set barriers to the internet in their own areas. China, which has the largest population of web users among the world, has created the most advanced surveillance system for internet monitoring (Rohde, 2011). The system is known as â€Å"Great Firewall†Ã¢â‚¬â€also called â €Å"the Golden Shield Project†, and is designed to sift out pornography and commercial frauds, but simultaneously blocks certain search terms for the government’s own purposes (McDonald, 2012).However, nobody is satisfied to be a frog in a well which can only perceive scenario above the wellhead but nothing beyond. So the internet censorship has provoked a fierce controversy in the society. Many people including some groups of experts argue for humans’ equal rights to know true and latest resources of information around them. The Chinese government should no longer conduct their censorship program because every person has the right and freedom to know what is going on around them.If the Chinese government insists on this project, people would be trapped in a vicious cycle because the continuity of information blocks would affect the next generation which doubles its effect on people’s ignorance and it would do nothing but fool its own people. First, in Ch ina, people’s words online are carefully inspected which means people do not have the freedom to say what they want, but rather only what are permitted by the Chinese government.According to a study by the Language Technologies Institute at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, more than 16 percent of all messages which are posted by web users in China are considered â€Å"unqualified† and get deleted (McDonald, 2012). The Chinese government explained to the media that the â€Å"Great Firewall† sifted out words or names that it evaluates as politically odorous. However, due to the matter of fact, it is not that reasonable, but rather private contains emotions of the government.For example, Sina Weibo, a most popular micro blogging site in China whose users surpassed 300 million, is required to inspect those bloggers whose have more than 100,000 followers (McDonald, 2012). If there are any posts that disobey the government’s rules must be deleted withi n five minutes. â€Å"295 terms with a high probability of being censored,† said the Carnegie Mellon team. So words like â€Å"Tibet†, â€Å"Dalai Lama†, â€Å"Ai Weiwei† (outspoken artist), â€Å"Liu Xiaobo† (imprisoned Nobel laureate), and even â€Å"Egypt†, â€Å"Jon Huntsman† (the former American ambassador), and â€Å"Playboy† (the magazine), etc. are banned (McDonald, 2012).As a result, some people have invented some subversive lexicons to refer to the words prohibited such as using â€Å"grass-mud horse† to replace a four-letter word of obscenity, using â€Å"river crab† to replace â€Å"harmony† which is also banned because it was used to refer to websites deletion by the government, and using phrase â€Å"Buying soy sauce† to indicate someone who is involved in scandals like embezzlement and bribery. The phrase â€Å"Buying soy sauce† came from the mouth of a government official who w as involved in a political scandal and wanted to show his innocence through the TV interview (McDonald, 2012).So if the government insists on such obvious and self-deceiving procedures, people would finally uncover the truth and thus lose trust in the government because many insightful people like who use VPN to â€Å"scale the wall (also a subversive word which means to browse foreign websites)† and have known some truth of some political issues or more people who are studying abroad where has no such internet-defending programs know the truth as well. Maybe this kind of methods worked before, but it would not work anymore as people are familiar and proficient in computer science.If the government stops their unacceptable programs right now, the status of the society will be much more stable, or the controversial would be more serious and finally trigger something unimaginable. Second, the Chinese government censors some websites which are considered vicious and unbeneficial to them, so they block websites just because they are not in government’s whitelist. In 2009, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology posted new regulations on domain management institutions and internet services providers because them want to have a deeper control over domain name registration (Hornby and Le, 2009).The Chinese government explained this is beneficial for an on-going anti-pornography program by creating a list of so called â€Å"whitelist. † However, this policy did not mention the treatment of overseas websites. In fact, foreign sites that have not registered could also be blocked such as Google's YouTube, Twitter, Flickr and Facebook. The reason is these sites are thought politically sensitive and containing unreasonable schemes by the Chinese government (Hornby and Le, 2009).However, as many web users who used VPN to get access to foreign websites have already known that the websites such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter are highly reco gnized in the U. S. Many popular stars like NBA players often update their newest progress in preparing for the play-off on Twitter, which is often referred to as a trustworthy resource by sports channels like ABC and ESPN. Also, YouTube is even a normal educational tool in some world-famous universities as its sources are updated frequently and carefully (Hornby and Le, 2009).Many of the videos like the videos on cultural diversities and new-born social phenomena etc. are authoritative. They are often in the forms of a real interview with famous experts in the places where the issues happened like the case of Trayvon Martin, people can find many videos on YouTube which are interviews hold by some sociologists. As a result, blocking websites that the Chinese government considered vicious is detrimental to people’s development in learning advanced thoughts and real educational resources from foreign countries some of which are recognized as much more better in high-level educa tion than that of China.If the government continues to do things arbitrarily like this, people would lose trust in their government because they do have the ability to consider what kind of information is true and what kind of information is of plot. In conclusion, the Chinese government should stop their internet censorship because it really affects people’s common lives both in freedom of communication and education. The importance of relieve the inspection on internet is obvious and necessary. If the Chinese government moderates the censorship, people can obtain easier access to foreign resources.As people’s educational levels are higher and higher along with the rapidly-developing status of China’s economy, people are getting more insightful in absorbing more advanced technologies and methods. For instance, teachers can use foreign websites such as YouTube which has huge amount of authoritative resources in college education. Many people have realized that s tudents in China’s colleges know little about realities about some big issues around the world and also have big obstacles in English skills which are not beneficial to students’ development.Also, if students get such progress in education, there will be more opportunities for them to get jobs abroad which can not only enhance Chinese people’s skills in international business but also relieve the pressure in competition for jobs. Finally, stopping the internet censorship helps the Chinese government to win people’s trust and is also educationally, economically beneficial to a large number of Chinese people. References: Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (n. d. ). Internet. Retrieved from http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/internet Hornby L. and Le, Y. 2009, December 22). China to require internet domain name registration. Retrieved from http://www. reuters. com/article/2009/12/22/us-china-internet-idUSTRE5BL19620091222 McDonald, M. (2012, March 13). Wat ch your language! (in china, they really do). New York Times. Retrieved from http://rendezvous. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/03/13/watch-your-language-and-in-china-they-do/? ref=internetcensorship Rohde, D. (2011, November 18). China’s newest export: Internet censorship. Retrieved from http://blogs. reuters. com/david-rohde/2011/11/17/chinas-newest-export-internet-censorship/

Aristophanis essays

Aristophanis essays By most accounts Aristophanes was the greatest comic writer of his day. On his shoulders alone rests an entire age of comedy. By the time Aristophanes began to write his comedies, the people of Athens were increasingly demoralized by the ongoing conflicts of the Peloponnesian War. That is why in most of his plays there are tones of apprehension and grief. Lysistrata was written twenty-one years into the Peloponnesian War. Although the play is light-hearted, it was written out of the writers grief over the thousand of men who died in the terrible defeat that the Athenians suffered in Syracuse. The play begins in a public square in Athens. There Lysistrata awaits the other women to explain to them the details of her plan to bring peace in Greece. At the time Athens was at war with Sparta and other cities. Most of the men where at war, a lot of them died, and the rest would come back only to relax for a few days enjoy the pleasure of their wives and go back to war. To Lysistrata that was unacceptable, so she gathered the women from Athens, Sparta and the rest of the cities that were at war and made them take an oath that they will not sleep with their husbands until peace was made and the war would be finally over. The other women were against it at the beginning, but soon they realized that a sex strike was the only thing that they could use to convince their husbands to make peace. At the same time that the meeting was going on the elderly women of Athens took over Acropolis. Acropolis then became their fortress, all the women gathered inside and would not come out until peace was made. They were constantly threaded by the men to stop their strike but with no results. Some women did break but Lysistrata was always there to convince them that this had to be done. Her plan worked and Aristophanes used the example of Myrrhine and her husband Cinesias to show us how the women tortured the men and made them get toge...

How to Use a Highlighter to Improve Your Grades

How to Use a Highlighter to Improve Your Grades Highlighters are a modern invention. But marking up or annotating texts is as old as published books. Thats because the process of marking, highlighting, or annotating a text can help you to understand, remember, and make connections. The better you understand the text, the more effectively youll be able to use what youve read in arguments, debates, papers, or tests. Tips for Highlighting and Annotating Your Text Remember: the point of using a highlighter is to help you understand, remember, and make connections. That means youll need to actually think about what youre highlighting because you pull out the marker. Youll also, of course, need to be sure that the text youre highlighting belongs solely to you. If its a library book or a textbook youll be returning or reselling, pencil markings are a better choice. Highlighting willy-nilly is a waste of time. If you read a text and highlight everything that seems important, you’re not reading effectively. Everything in your text is important, or it would have been edited out before publication. The problem is that individual parts of your text are important for different reasons.You must determine what parts are important when it comes to the learning process, and determine those as worthy of highlighting. Without a plan for highlighting, you are simply colorizing your text. Before you start to read, remind yourself that some of the statements in your text will contain main points (facts/claims), and other statements will describe, define, or back up those main points with evidence. The first things you should highlight are the main points.Annotate while you highlight. Use a pencil or pen to make notes as you highlight. Why is this point important? Does it connect to another point in the text or to a related reading or lecture? Annotatio n will help you as you review your highlighted text and use it to write a paper or prepare for a test. Don’t highlight on the first reading. You should always read your school material at least twice. The first time you read, you will create a framework in your brain. The second time you read, you build upon this foundation and begin to really learn.Read your segment or chapter the first time to understand the basic message or concept. Pay close attention the titles and subtitles and read the segments without marking your pages at all.Highlight on the second reading. The second time you read your text, you should be prepared to identify the sentences that contain main points. You’ll realize that the main points are conveying the main points that support your titles and subtitles.Highlight other information in a different color. Now that you have identified and highlighted the main points, you can feel free to highlight other material, like lists of examples, dates, and other supporting information, but use a different color. Once you have highlighted the main points in a specific color and back-up information with another, you should use the highlighted words to create outlines or practice tests.

Adam Smith's (positive economic) view of slavery Essay

Adam Smith's (positive economic) view of slavery - Essay Example He supports this conclusion by observing that the "late resolution of the Quakers in Pennsylvania to set at liberty all their Negro slaves, may satisfy us that their number cannot be very great. Had they made any considerable part of their property, such a resolution could never have been agreeing to." This quotation reveals the weight which Adam Smith assigns to benevolence. Freeing the slaves was certainly a benevolent action but hardly one likely to be undertaken if the price was personal ruin.If the western European succession argued in support of the dominance of wage labor, the overturn seemed to have been the case transversely the ocean. In the plantations, slavery had outdated earlier forms of labor from Brazil to Carolina. Above a decade before writing Wealth of Nations, Smith had himself concluded that repression was the established form of labor in the world, and he estimated that slavery was improbable to disappear for ages to come. Smith did not recur this prophecy in th e end of eighteenth century. In its place he offered motives for the apparently general ubiquitous partiality for slaves, regardless of their relative inadequacy while compared with freemen. The first was a common psychological human trait, the contentment resultant from dictating another person. This steady, certainly, could not alone elucidate the changeable modes of labor in the Atlantic world. Even as a feature of Europeans in particular, it was not very practical in showing why the same western European employers of labor had gone in contradictory directions, choosing one form of labor in Europe and another in the lowlands of the Americas. Smith also integrated the dread of general insurrection and the trepidation of a great loss of property as motives for not freeing slaves. In political terms, manumissions might deprive a chieftain of some of his subjects and his substance (Soderlund, Jean R. 1985). Indeed, on neither side of the Atlantic did Smith assume that the contentment of power had taken priority over the avid impulse. He explicated the planters' preference of labor in the Caribbean in terms of profit, does not pride or prejudice. Sugar was so precious a product in Europe that the planter could pay for the service of slaves. Certainly, sugar's profitability, slavery integrated, was assumed to be better than that presented by any other agricultural business in the Atlantic world. In Wealth of Nations never directly recommended that West Indian planters would in fact raises their higher profit margins still more by liberating their labor force. Smith had a number of prospects to make this proclamation in discussing both profits and methods in the sugar colonies and took benefit of none of them (Wealth of Nations, 173, 389, 586). He simply noted that in all European colonies cane was refined by slaves. There were opportunities for technological and managerial development when slaves could "approach the condition of a free servant" within the condition of slavery (p. 587). Company's of bound labor did disburse a price for their preference. Smiths assert, proprietors who used servile labor were subject to considerable incompetence on the administrative side of their operations. With their standing encouraged habits of noticeable consumption and their fulsome

The Theory and Practice of Investment Management Essay

The Theory and Practice of Investment Management - Essay Example The computations are shown in the following table. Table no.1 Number of contracts necessary to be hedged Contract Amount $ 7,500,000.00 Hedge Ratio 0.5 Price 97 No of contracts 38660 Part 2 I. In order to close the position, the company should buy futures contracts for March 2013, at the price 97.6. II. The transaction on the futures market brought a loss equal to: no of contracts *(selling price-buying price). The computations are shown in the following table. Table no.2 Final position from the futures transaction Price (short position) 97 Price (long position) 97.6 No of contracts 38660 Loss $ - 23,195.88 Part 3 I. The relationship between the price of the future contract and the interest rates on the market is an inverse relationship. So, for this example, the price of the future contract has raised implying a decline in the interest rate. II. The company has fixed its borrowing cost only for 50% of the exposure. The effective borrowing cost is computed as: r= 100- 97= 3% So, the company will borrow money at 3%. III. The company did not hedge all the risks involved by the transaction above. Firstly, it only hedged 50% of its interest rate exposure. Secondly, risks related to changes in the principal borrowed, or the currency in which this one is expressed are not hedged. Question 2 There are various theories related to dividend policies. One of the most important theories in this matter is the irrelevance thesis of Modigliani and Miller (Fabozzi and Drake, 2009). Under certain assumptions, Modigliani-Miller argues that dividend policy is irrelevant (no taxes, no transaction costs, no issuance costs, no insider information, a fixed investment policy). In other words, the management’s decision to change dividend value does not determine a shift in firm value too because the shareholder wealth is determined by the income generated through the investment policy of the firm, and not the way the firm distributes the income (Miller and Modigliani, 1961). Ano ther theory is based on the â€Å"bird - in – the- hand† hypothesis. This assumes that the financial markets are characterized by uncertainty and imperfect information, and because of this, dividends should be considered differently than retained earnings. Moreover, all investors would want to receive dividends i.e. cash (â€Å"bird-in-the-hand†) rather than future capital gains from the evolution of the stock (â€Å"two in the bush†). So, a firm which offers a high dividend ratio would deliver good signals to the market, boosts the stock market, and finally increases the firm’s value (Walter, 1963). A theory which contradicts the â€Å"bird-in-the-hand† theory is based on the tax-effect hypothesis. This theory states that a lower dividend policy would lower the cost of capital of the firm and in this way increase the stock value and the shareholders wealth (Bajaj and Anand, 1990). The starting point for this conclusion is considering the hi gher taxation of dividends compared to capital gains. Furthermore, the dividends are taxed right after are paid, whereas capital gains are taxed until the moment of sell. This consideration of tax advantages of capital gains compared with receiving dividend determine investors to be attracted of companies with higher retained earnings than a higher dividend policy (Pettit, 1977). Considering the company Swan Dane Ltd., which is keeping constant a high dividend policy, can be supported by the â€Å"